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@#ary phytochemical screening. The resultsshowed that the ethanolic crude extract of the leaf containhigh phytochemical activity hence B.oleraceavaracephalais rich in flavonoids, phenolic compounds, carbohydratesand phytosterols. Materials and methods: The ethanolic extract was used tosynthesise copper nanoparticles. The copper nanoparticleswere successfully synthesised from copper sulphatesolution which was identified by the colour change fromdark green colour of the extract. Thus the B.oleracea varacephala is a good source to synthesis coppernanoparticles. The synthesised copper nanoparticles werecharacterised using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)analysis. The SEM image displayed the high-densitynanoparticles synthesised by leaf extracts and that thenanoparticles were crystals in shape. Results: The copper nanoparticles (CNP) bind to the leafextract. B.oleraceavaracephalaalso has shown theantimicrobial and antioxidant activity. A comparative studywas done between ethanolic its crude extract andnanoparticles. Both extracts exhibited zone of inhibition andbetter antioxidant potential but the CuNPs shows majorzone of inhibition and showed more antioxidant activity.Anticancer activity of B.oleraceavaracephalaagainstCervical HeLa cell line was confirmed using ethanolic crudeextract and CNP. The results showed that HeLa cellsproliferation was inhibited with increasing concentration ofethanolic crude extract and copper nanoparticles. From theresults, it was seen that percentage viability of the cancercells decreased with increased concentration of the sampleswhereas cytotoxicity against HeLa cell lines increased withthe increased concentration of the samples. Conclusion: Thus B.oleraceavaracephalapossessesanticancer activity against HeLa cell lines.
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Background: Bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP), a non-invasive respiratory device provides continuous pressure that helps recruitment of more alveoli, increases the lungs, functional residual capacity and decreases the work of breathing in newborns admitted with respiratory distress. Bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP) is the most important respiratory support in different types of respiratory conditions in level III. In this observational study, author reported this research using bCPAP therapy as the primary respiratory support in level III unit in tertiary care centre in Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India. Despite reporting their indications, duration of use and adverse effects we tried to search for further improvement in other areas of CPAP therapy in level III newborn unit.Methods: This prospective observational study included 250 babies delivered in obstetric unit and admitted with respiratory distress within 6 hours of birth at level III care. They were treated according to level III newborn unit protocol. Those data were collected and entered in the proforma. Newborns were followed up till discharge.Results: A total of 250 babies satisfying the inclusion criteria delivered in Chengalpattu Medical College Hospital, Tamil Nadu, India (mean gestational age 36'2 weeks, mean birth weight 2.5'1.2 kg were included. All newborns were given bCPAP as the primary support. The most common underlying cause of respiratory distress was transient tachypnea of newborn (44%), followed by respiratory distress syndrome (24%) and prolonged respiratory transition (18%). The therapy success rate was 86%. Only 35 newborns failed to respond to CPAP. The most common adverse effect was eye puffiness (19%).Conclusions: Bubble continuous positive airway pressure (b CPAP) therapy use is being well established in level III unit for various respiratory conditions with minimal failure and adverse effects. Its use in extreme preterms and initiation after 6 hours is controversial.
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Introduction: Gastric cancer is the second leading cause ofcancer death worldwide, with a 5-year survival rate of lessthan 20%. About 25% of patients with gastric cancer presentwith disseminated disease and more than half of those withapparently localized disease recur within 5 years. Study aimedto evaluate the response rate, median PFS, overall survivaland toxicity to 3 Weekly Cisplatin/5-Fluorouracil Vs Weekly5-Fluorouracil in patients with advanced gastric cancer.Material and Methods: Patients were recruited forchemotherapy with Cisplatin 75mg/mg2 in divided dosesand 5-Fluorouracil 750mg/m2 for 3 days in every 21 daysfor 6 cycles in one arm and 20 patients for treatment withWeekly 5- Fluorouracil 500mg for 16 weeks. Within twomonths of completion of chemotherapy, CT abdomen wasdone to compare with the baseline CT abdomen to assess theresponse rate using RESIST criteria Version V1.1. Also theimprovement in ECOG PS was ascertained as an endpoint.Results: In the Cisplatin /5FU arm had an overall response rateof 20%, median PFS of 6 months,45% had a partial response(PR), 10% had stable disease (SD) 25% had progression(PD), 20% achieved CR and more of haematological andnon-hematological toxicity. In the 5FU arm, 35% had stabledisease (SD),40% had progression (PD) 5% achieved CR andless of haematological and non-hematological toxicity.Conclusion: In advanced gastric cancer, Cisplatin /5FU hadmore response rate, more median PFS and more toxicity.Weekly 5FU is better tolerable regimen with
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Background:Even though the introduction of ART has decreased the incidence of opportunistic infections in HIV, infection itself is associated with a number of endocrine abnormalities. There are only very few studies available to understand thyroid function in HIV patients. Aim - To determine thyroid function and to correlate clinical stage and CD4 count with the level of thyroid dysfunction. Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study conducted in 76 newly diagnosed HIV positive patients in the Department of Medicine & Endocrinology, JIPMER over a period of 1.5yrs. Demographic data were collected, patients satisfying inclusion criteria were assessed, staged based on CD4 levels, blood samples were taken and thyroid hormone levels estimated. Results: Of 76 patients, 35 were with abnormal thyroid levels, 28 hypothyroid and 7 hyperthyroid. Among 28 hypothyroid, 12 were in WHO stage 1, 4 in stage 2, 6 in stage 3 and 6 in stage 4. There was no correlation between thyroid hormone levels and CD4 counts. Conclusion: 45% (35 cases) of patients with HIV infection had thyroid dysfunction, 28 of them hypothyroid and 7 hyperthyroid, most common abnormality being isolated low FT3.
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Background:Although almost 400 blood group antigens have been reported, the ABO and Rh have been recognized as the major clinically significant blood group antigens. Research on ABO group system has been of immense interest, due to its medical importance in different diseases Aim: To study the relationship between type of ABO blood group and incidence of coronary artery disease. Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology and Medicine, Government Rajaji Hospital Madurai. Patients admitted with clinical features of acute myocardial infarction confirmed by ECG and patients admitted with angina pectoris clinically were included. Detailed history, general examination, cardiovascular examination and relevant investigations were done in all patients. Results: Incidence of coronary Artery disease is predominant in ‘A’ group. Incidence of Arrhythmias are more in ‘A’ group. Complications like LV clot and LV dysfunction do not have relationship with blood group. Conclusion: Type of ABO blood group seems to have an impact onthe risk of coronary artery involvement and the type of blood group effects on severity of CAD. Incidence of coronary Artery disease is predominant in ‘A’ group.
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Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) management is one of the therapeutic challenges faced by the emergency physician. In the field of investigational cardiology advancements, the search of superior cardiac biomarkers has led to the discovery of sensitive biomarkers which help in the early confirmation of MI as timely intervention is the primary goal in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Present study was aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the novel biomarker H- FABP in patients with AMI especially in ST elevation MI (STEMI) and comparison of its diagnostic accuracy with the other biomarkers.Methods: We studied 66 patients with persistent STEMI presenting within 12 hours of symptom to the department of General Medicine, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital (SMVMCH), Puducherry. Quantitative and qualitative estimation and analysis of serum biomarkers of acute myocardial infarction such as CK-MB, cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) and H-FABP were done.Results: The sensitivity and specificity of H-FABP were 80.7 and 88.9% respectively. The positive percentage of the serum biomarkers among these patients were 64%, 65%, 86% for CK-MB, cardiac troponin I, and H-FABP respectively. The area under the curve was observed to be 0.695, with 95% confidence interval (0.514-0.876) at the optimum cut-off value of 7.0ng/ml for H-FABP.Conclusions: H-FABP the novel biomarker, because of its early appearance in the blood stream and due to its superior sensitivity and specificity compared to Troponin I and CK-MB can be used in the early diagnosis of acute ST elevation Myocardial Infarction
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Objective: To study physicochemical properties, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of coumarin-carbonodithioate hybrids. Methods: The substituted 4-bromomethyl coumarins were synthesized in first step by the cyclization. Then the reaction of substituted coumarins (a-e) with potassium O-ethyl/methyl carbonodithioate (1) by using absolute ethanol as solvent,afforded coumarin-carbonodithioate (1a-1j) derivatives under microwave irradiation and the conventional method. The spectroscopic analysis was used for the characterization of coumarin derivatives. The title (1a-1j) compounds were confirmed by spectroscopic methods.Antioxidant property was evaluated by using DPPH free radical-scavenging ability assay method and anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by protein denaturation procedure using diclofenac sodium as a standard. Drug-likeness. In-silico toxicity was predicted with LD50 value and bioactivity score was also calculated for all the compounds. Results: All coumarin (1a-1j) compounds exhibited promising in-vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in comparison to standard drugs. All tested compounds were used for evaluating their physicochemical properties as set by Lipinski rule. It was observed that the synthesized compounds followed rule of five, indicating more 'drug-like' nature. Conclusions: All the screened coumarin-carbonodithioates display promising in vitro antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. From the physicochemical properties of coumarin derivatives, it is found that none of the compounds violate the Lipinski rule and they fall well in the range of rule of five. It is concluded that the coumarin-carbonodithioate hybrids act with more 'drug-like' nature.
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Reiter’s syndrome is commonly associated with conjunctivitis and rarely with uveitis. Bilateral disciform keratitis at presentation is a very rare manifestation in Reiter’s syndrome. A 13-year-old boy developed bilateral disciform keratitis with oligoarthritis following an episode of conjunctivitis. In addition he had suspected bacterial keratitis with hypopyon in the left eye as a possible secondary infection of an epithelial defect that is a feature of Reiter’s keratitis. Empirical treatment with intensive topical antibiotics as a therapeutic trial completely resolved the hypopyon and the disciform keratitis settled with topical steroid treatment. The patient achieved a best corrected vision of 20/20 in both the eyes 6 weeks after the treatment. Bilateral disciform keratitis can occur as a complication of Reiter’s syndrome. Also the possibility of secondary infection of the epithelial defect needs to be borne in mind.
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Background: Management guidelines are not yet clear for these patients who present late with displaced supracondylar fracture. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the clinical, radiological and functional outcome following closed reduction and percutaneous pinning of widely displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus presenting 24 hours or more after injury. Patients and Methods: This prospective study was conducted at the Orthopaedic and Trauma Department of Dr Pinnamaneni Siddartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Chinnoutpalli from January 2010 to July 2011. A total of 44 children were included in this study who had displaced supracondylar fracture of humerus presenting late ie, after 24 hours after injury and within a week. They were treated with closed reduction of the fracture and percutaneous pinning. Follow-up was done up to 12 months. Results: Patients were assessed on the basis of Flynn’s criteria, there were 37 excellent, 6 good results and fair results in 1 case. There were 25 boys and 19 girls. The average age of the patients was 7.5 years (range: 4 to 12 years). Fall on the outstretched hand was the mechanism of injury in 36 patients, and the other 8 patients were pedestrians struck by a motor vehicle. Non-dominant extremity was more commonly involved (30 patients). In 24 patients the fracture was displaced posteromedially (54.54%), in 18 patients posterolaterally (40.90%), and 2 patients had isolated posterior displacement (2.54%). The average delay in presentation was 57.56 hours (range: 1 day to 6 days). The mean time to surgery after presentation was 9.83 hours (range: 4 hours to 13 hours) and the mean time to surgery after trauma was 67.39 hours. Sixteen patients had one or more attempts of reduction by massaging by a quack and in 2 patients it was attempted by a qualified surgeon before they presented to us. 26 patients (59.09) visited a quack prior to presentation to us. There was a direct relation between duration of delayed presentation and the times of manoeuvre. Sixteen patients (36.36%) had neurologic complications at presentation to the emergency room of which three had median nerve palsy (6.81%) where as seven (15.90%) had isolated anterior interosseous nerve palsy and six (13.6%) had radial nerve palsy all patients showed total neurological recovery at 12 weeks follow-up. Six patients (13.63%) had vascular compromise at initial presentation of which five patients had feeble radial pulse and one had absent radial pulse, but capillary filling was adequate in all. The pulse was restored within 24 hours in all patients following reduction. Conclusion: Our preliminary results support our recommendation ie, closed reduction and percutaneous pin fixation as an effective treatment option for grossly displaced supracondylar fractures presenting late but requires good and careful judgment and also technique by the surgeon to avoid complications. Our results also support the chances of spontaneous recovery of peripheral nerve palsy and brachial artery spasm post reduction over a period of time in majority of cases though they present late.
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Present study deals with the adsorption of glycolic acid [GA] from aqueous solutions by using bagasse fly ash [BFA]. BFA is a solid waste generated from bagasse fired boilers and can be used as an adsorbent. Batch adsorption studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of various parameters like adsorbent dose, contact time, initial concentration and temperature on the removal of GA from aqueous solutions. For the selected dosage, it was found that the adsorption increases with increase in BFA doses and decreases with increase in acid concentration. The effect of contact time on removal shows that the adsorption of glycolic acid on BFA is very fast. The kinetics of the sorption of GA was well represented by Elovich model, first order, pseudo-second order and Weber and Morris infra-particle diffusion model. The adsorption isotherm analyses were also carried out by using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations. Freundlich equation was found satisfactory to represent the equilibrium data. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption of GA on BFA is exothermic in nature
Subject(s)
Cellulose , Coal Ash , Adsorption , KineticsABSTRACT
A general overview on the prospective of various oxidation and combined processes in the treatment of tannery industry effluent are reported. Various oxidation and combined processes such as UV/H[2]O[2]/ Hypochlorites, Fenton and Electro-oxidation, photo-chemical, photo-catalytic, electro-catalytic oxidation, wet air oxidation, ozonation, biological followed by ozone/ UV/ H[2]O[2], coagulation or electro-coagulation and catalytic treatments have been considered. The tannery wastewater with sulphide as main sources of pollutant, electro-coagulation is the best removal efficiency process using nano-TiO[2] and wet air oxidation in the presence of manganese sulphate and activated carbon as a catalyst are more efficiency processes. The integrated combined processes described permit to meet disposal limits, health quality standards and the recovery of several chemicals utilized in the tanneries
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Washing machines are part of every household and there are various reports of upper extremity injuries due to inadequate safety precautions while operating the machine. Most of the injuries occur when an attempt is made to remove the clothes from the machine and the hand gets caught in the spinning machine. The presentation can vary from minor soft tissue injuries to a mangled upper extremity. The chance of neurovascular damage resulting in compartment syndrome is very high. The author reports three cases of washing machine injuries to draw attention to this not so uncommon injury. The relevant literature is also considered
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Fractures, Bone , Parents , SafetyABSTRACT
The supracondylar process of the humerus is a rare skeletal anomaly, which is usually an incidental finding while an X-ray is done for some other purpose. The process can fracture resulting in pain and tender mobile swelling over the medial aspect of the arm, and consequent neurovascular symptoms, or entrapment neuropathies. The anomaly, which fractured in a clinical situation, is described, followed by a review of the literature
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Humeral Fractures/diagnostic imaging , Nerve Compression Syndromes/etiology , Nerve Compression Syndromes/diagnosis , Median Neuropathy/diagnosis , Median Neuropathy/etiology , Osteochondroma/diagnosis , Osteochondroma/diagnostic imaging , Incidental FindingsABSTRACT
Date palm thorn injuries are common in Middle Eastern countries where there are many date palm plantations. Most of the injuries happen to workers in the plantation or to children. Injuries, if detected, can be treated without subsequent complications, but in children the diagnosis can very easily be missed resulting in late complications. The hand, being the most exposed part of the body, is the most affected. Embedded thorns can produce lesions mimicking those of osteomyelitis. The foot is exposed to injuries in people who walk barefoot in the plantations. The author presents five cases of date thorn injury which presented with late complications. All three patients with hand injuries had periostitis, and one of them had an intraosseous thorn producing osteomyelitis. Two patients presented with osteolytic lesions of the metatarsals with intraosseous thorn in one patient. All cases recovered completely leaving behind no sequlae of the bony infection